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Operating Systems

Processes, threads, memory, scheduling, and system calls

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  1. 00 Operating Systems — Roadmap How the kernel turns raw hardware into the processes, memory, and files your programs depend on.
  2. 01 What an Operating System Does The kernel sits between your programs and the hardware — protecting, sharing, and arbitrating every resource.
  3. 02 Processes A running program is a process — its own address space, its own resources, tracked by the kernel from birth to death.
  4. 03 Threads & Concurrency Multiple flows of execution sharing one address space — fast, powerful, and dangerous without discipline.
  5. 04 CPU Scheduling With more runnable threads than cores, the kernel must constantly choose who runs next — quickly and fairly.
  6. 05 Memory Management & Virtual Memory Every process thinks it owns a vast, private memory. The kernel and MMU maintain that illusion over scarce physical RAM.
  7. 06 Synchronization When threads share data, correctness depends on controlling who touches what, when — with locks, signals, and care.
  8. 07 File Systems Turning flat disk blocks into named, hierarchical, durable files — with a cache in the middle that changes everything.
  9. 08 I/O & System Calls How read and write really travel through the kernel — and how one thread watches thousands of connections at once.